Is a nuke 10 kilometers series#

There is apparently a lot of disagreement among Kazakhstanis who speak English whether the proper English transliteration of the name of a large city in central Kazakhstan that was strongly affected by the 1962 EMP should be Karaganda, Karagandy or Qaraghandy. On this page, I will generally use the most commonly accepted Kazakh transliteration (although Russia still leases many of the military and space facilities in Kazakhstan, and Russian is still one of the two official languages and is the dominant language in many areas). (Most Kazakhstan place names tend to have a very slight accent on the last syllable.) Reflecting this subtle difference, even the name of the country is being changed to be written: Qazaqstan. Although the K spelling is easier for most English-speakers to read, the Q emphasizes the correct placement of the tongue at the start of pronouncing the syllable. The Russians called a region Karaganda, but many Kazakhstanis prefer either Karagandy or Qaraghandy (depending upon the extent they wish to emphasize the precise placement of the tongue at the beginning of the word). There are also some subtle differences in how certain names are transliterated when the Kazakh language is used. The target year for completion of the transition to the Latin alphabet is 2025. That is changing as the official Kazakh language is transitioning to the Latin alphabet. More precisely, the Kazakh language has used the Cyrillic alphabet for the past several decades in Kazakhstan. In English, both Russian and Kazakh names are transliterated (given an English phonetic spelling) since both the Russian and Kazakh languages use the Cyrillic alphabet. After Kazakhstan regained its independence, many of the names were changed, and the use of the Kazakh language began to return, although Russian is still more commonly spoken in most of the country. (To avoid confusion, it is necessary to get this matter out of the way before discussing the EMP tests.) Until 1991, the names used were generally transliterations of the Russian names. One of the problems in writing about Kazakhstan is the names of regions and cities.

Even though the economic state of Kazakhstan in 1962 was quite primitive by today's standards, it was heavily industrialized and electrified. These EMP-producing tests were done over a large populated land mass in Kazakhstan.

Is a nuke 10 kilometers series#

Even for most of us who have read and studied a lot about EMP over the years, something that is even more strange and mysterious is the Soviet Union's series of nuclear tests in space, most notably the test known only as K-3 or Test 184. Electromagnetic pulse is a strange and mysterious phenomenon to most of the general public.